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Nicolaus Copernicus
Born: 19 Feb 1473 in Torun, Poland
Died: 24 May 1543 in Frombork, Poland
In De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (published in 1543) Copernicus proposed new Solar System theory, known as the Copernican theory, namely that the Sun (not the Earth) is at rest in the centre of the Universe. By postulating only the orbital movement of the Earth, revolution about the Sun, and tilt of Earth's rotational axis, Copernicus could explain the observed motion of the heavens.
The Copernican theory was the first in history complete and general system, combining mathematics, physics, and cosmology.